Report of the ENISA on "LEO SATCOM Cybersecurity Assessment". February 2024, 50 pages.
"This report covers the topic of cybersecurity of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations delivering telecommunications services (LEO satcom in short). ... The survey on past cyber incidents shows that most attacks fall roughly into two categories: data theft through reverse engineering of user link transmission techniques; and denial of service, targeting either the ground or space segments, possibly resulting in a service degradation or outage. The first category of incidents calls for the use of common encryption techniques. The second calls for standards and recommendations in cyber protection, which are applicable to all segments of space systems".